fa-m . 

\a 


Institute  oflnternational  Education 


International  Relations  Clubs 


Syllabus  No.  IV 


The  Russian  Revolution 


By  Walter  W.  Pettit 

New  York  School  of  Social  Work 


September,  1920 


Institute  oflnternational  Education 


International  Relations  Clubs 
Syllabus  No.  IV 


The  Russian  Revolution 


By  Walter  W.  Pettit 

New  York  School  of  Social  Work 


September,  1920 


CONTENTS 


I.  Russia  Before  the  World  War,  1800-1914 .  7 

II.  The  World  War,  1914-1917 .  10 

III.  The  Russian  Revolution: 

• 

A.  First  Period;  March,  1917-November,  1917  ....  12 

B.  Second  Period;  November,  1917-March,  1918  .  .  .  13 

C.  Third  Period;  March-August,  1918 .  15 

D.  Fourth  Period;  August,  1918-January,  1919  .  .  .  .  16 

F.  Fifth  Period;  January,  1919-September,  1920  ...  17 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2019  with  funding  from 
Columbia  University  Libraries 


https://archive.org/details/russianrevolutioOOpett 


PREFACE 


The  following  is  an  outline  of  topics  which  might  be  discussed  in 
connection  with  the  study  of  the  Russian  revolution.  It  has  been 
difficult,  as  will  probably  be  apparent  to  the  student,  to  select 
references  from  the  great  mass  of  propaganda  material  which  has 
been  turned  out  on  the  Russian  revolution.  For  the  last  two  periods 
there  is  very  little  to  which  students  can  be  referred  other  than  the 
current  periodicals.  The  British  Labor  Delegation  returned  from 
a  trip  to  Russia  in  June,  1920,  and  its  report  constitutes  the  most 
authoritative  account  of  present-day  conditions  in  Soviet  Russia 
that  is  available.  Bertrand  Russell,  who  accompanied  this  dele¬ 
gation,  has  written  a  series  of  articles  which  have  appeared  in  the 
London  and  New  York  Nation.  The  files  of  both  journals,  as  well 
as  the  Manchester  Guardian ,  might  well  be  referred  to  for  other 
information  about  Russia.  The  cooperation  of  any  student  using 
this  outline  will  be  welcomed  either  in  the  suggestion  of  omitted 
topics  or  in  additions  to  the  bibliography. 


W.  W.  P. 


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V  ~ 

■  . 

N 

u.  i  •’  ’  ; 

:  • 


. 

*  * 

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■ 


. 


I 


RUSSIA  BEFORE  THE  WORLD  WAR,  1800-1914 

[For  significance  of  letter  references,  see  bibliography  at  end  of  each  section] 
Alexander  I 

H  II  37-41;  Mas  I  82-96;  S  Chap  I;  B  353-390 

Influence  of  the  French  Revolution  upon  Russia  (S  Chap  1) 

Liberal  tendencies  in  Alexander’s  reign 
Futile  attempts  to  establish  constitutional  government 
Establishment  of  universities 
Other  reforms 

Reactionary  policy  of  Alexander 
Influence  of  Metternich  (B  377-379) 

Organization  of  secret  political  societies 

Nicholas  I 

M  II  63-70;  Mas  I  96-133;  B  391-423 

Decembrist  Revolution  of  1825 
Repression  under  Nicholas  I 
Persecution  of  intelligentsia 
Education  restricted 

Alexander  II 

M  II  71-135;  C  XII  294-310;  Mas  I  134-156;  B  423-470 

Emancipation  of  the  serfs  (H  II  453-454) 

Disturbances  resulting 

Establishment  of  zemstvos  for  local  self-government 

Judicial  reforms 

Greater  autonomy  to  schools 

Abandonment  of  liberalism 

Educational  reaction 

Rise  of  revolutionary  parties 

The  “Will  of  the  People” 

Assassination  of  Alexander  II 

Alexander  III 

M  II  134-142;  C  XII  310-322;  H  II  460-472;  B  470-518 
Pobiedonostoev,  Procurator  of  Holy  Synod 
Plehve,  Director  of  State  Police 
Rapprochement  with  France  (A  Chap  II;  B  509-516) 

( 7  1 


Nicholas  II 

C  322-345;  H  II  472-487;  B  519-557 
Political  situation 

Zemstvo’s  address  and  Nicholas’  speech 
Pobiedonostoev  and  the  bureaucracy 
Religious  and  race  persecutions 
Social-democrats  (K  288;  M  II  142-174) 

Social-revolutionists  (K  289;  Mil  174-188) 

The  attitude  of  students  (K  289-292) 

General  strike  of  1903  (M  II  443-451) 

Union  of  Liberation,  1904 
Assassination  of  Plehve,  1904 

Russia’s  Eastern  Policy 
PI  II  483,  596;  M  II  21 1-244 

Trans-Siberian  policy,  1891 
Chinese  defeat  by  Japan,  1895 

Japanese  evacuation  of  Port  Arthur  through  French  and  German  pressure 

Russia  leases  the  Lio-Tung  Peninsula,  1898 

Occupation  of  Manchuria,  1902 

The  Russo-Japanese  War  (C  XII  346-380) 

The  Revolution  of  1905 

Father  Gapon  (Mil  451-468) 

Bloody  Sunday,  July  8,  1905 

Peasant  disorders 

The  banquets 

The  State  Duma  ukase 

The  October  strikes  (M  481-499) 

Contradictory  policies  of  government 

Partial  autonomy  to  the  universities  and  the  censorship  of  the  press 
Witte  succeeds  Pobiedonostoev,  October  1 7 
Organization  of  the  Cadets 
Policy  of  fostering  industry 

Organization  of  Soviets  of  workmen,  peasants,  and  soldiers  delegates 
— (K  308;  M  II  509-568) 

Martial  law  in  Poland 

Loss  of  confidence  in  revolution 

Zemstvo  conference  in  Moscow 
Octobrists 

Attempted  rising  in  Moscow  and  bloody  government  retaliation 

The  First  Duma,  May  10  to  June  21,  1906 
(K  317-323) 

Stolypin  as  Premier,  “First  pacification  then  reform” 

Dissolution  of  Duma 

The  Viborg  Manifesto  (K  323) 


18] 


The  Second  Duma,  March  5,  1907  to  June  16,  1907 
(K  326) 

Composition  more  radical  than  the  first 
Dissolution 

Modification  of  the  electoral  law 

The  Third  Duma,  November  14,  1907  to  June,  1912 
Its  composition 

Attitude  towards  Stolypin.  Ratification  of  his  agrarian  law  (W  5-10) 

The  Beilis  case  (K  329) 

Assassination  of  Stolypin 

Commercial  treaty  with  the  United  States  not  renewed 

The  Fourth  Duma,  1912 

Demoralization  of  student  life  (K  331) 

The  cooperative  movement  (K  335) 

Strikes,  1913-14 

Bibliography: 

A.  Alexinsky,  Gregor.  Russia  and  the  Great  War.  New  York,  Scribner,  1915. 
PP-  358. 

B.  Beazley,  Forbes  and  Birkett.  Russia.  Oxford  University  Press,  1918.  pp. 
601. 

C.  The  Cambridge  Modern  History,  V.  12.  The  Latest  Age.  Cambridge,  1910. 
H.  Hayes,  C.  J.  H.  Political  and  Social  History  of  Modern  Europe.  New  York, 

Macmillan  Co.,  1916.  2  v. 

K.  Kornilov.  History  of  Russia.  2  v. 

L.  Leary,  Daniel  Bell.  Education  and  A  utocracy  in  Russia.  University  of  Buffalo 
Studies  No.  1,  1919.  pp.  127. 

Lee.  Lee,  Frederick  E.  The  Russian  Cooperative  Movement.  Dept,  of  Commerce, 
No.  101.  Washington  Gov.  Print.  Off.,  1920. 

M.  Mavor,  James.  The  Economic  History  of  Russia.  New  York,  E.  P.  Dutton  & 
Co.,  2  v. 

Mas.  Masaryk,  Thomas  A.  The  Spirit  of  Russia.  New  \ork,  Macmillan  Co., 
1919.  2  v. 

S.  Sack,  A.  J.  The  Birth  of  Russian  Democracy.  First  edition.  The  Russian  In¬ 
formation  Bureau,  1918. 

VV.  Wilcox,  E.  H.  Russia's  Ruin.  New  York,  Scribner,  1919.  pp.  315- 


II 


THE  WORLD  WAR,  1914-1917 

August  2d.  “In  the  dread  hour  of  trial  let  internal  dissentions  be  forgotten.” 
Nicholas  II. 

Meeting  of  Duma,  August  9 

Attitude  of  various  political  parties  toward  war  (A  134- 154) 

The  development  of  a  national  feeling 
Russian  successes  in  Galicia  (Ha  43-50) 

Sukhomlinov,  Minister  of  War 

Development  of  war 

Extra-governmental  activities 

The  All-Russian  Union  of  Towns  (A  258-260) 

The  All-Russian  Union  of  Zemstvos  (A  258-260) 

The  rural  Communes  and  Cooperative  Associations  in  the  war  (A  260-266) 

The  attitude  of  various  national  groups  toward  war 
(A  179-229) 

Elements  of  reaction 

Failure  to  carry  out  promise  of  autonomy  to  Poles  (Ha  53-54) 

Sukhomlinov  followed  by  Polivanov,  Minister  of  War 
Duma  convened,  August  1,  1915  (Ha  109-110) 

Removal  of  Grand  Duke  Nicholas  (Ha  no,  226) 

Duma  prorogued,  September  16,  1915  (Ha  in) 

Goremykin  replaced  by  Sturmer  as  Premier,  February  3,  1916  (Ha  in, 
R  551),  and  later  by  Trepov  (R  552) 

Sazonov  replaced  by  Sturmer  as  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs.  Protop  opov, 
Minister  of  the  Interior  (R  552) 

Suppression  of  entire  opposition  press  at  beginning  of  war 
Arrest  of  five  members  of  social-democrat  party  in  the  Duma 
Rasputin  and  the  Czarina  (Ha  225-6) 

The  Ohkrana  (W  Chap.  VI) 

Additional  factors  leading  to  discontent 
(Ha  107-112) 

Defeat  of  Russian  armies  (Ha  99-107) 

Loss  of  Galicia 
Loss  of  Russian  Poland 

Disorganization  of  transportation  and  industry 

[  10] 


Failure  of  Allies  to  relieve  Russia  (Ha  1 12-120) 

Failure  of  government  food  plan  (W  21-22' 

Bread  lines  (Ha  227) 

Suspension  of  passenger  traffic 

Suspicions  of  German  influence  in  court  circles  (A  282-287) 

The  Assassination  of  Rasputin 
(Ha  226) 

The  reassembling  of  the  Duma,  February  27,  1917 

The  food  riots  in  Petrograd 
(Ha  227-8) 

The  abdication  of  the  Czar 
(Ha  228-229) 

Bibliography: 

A.  Alexinsky.  Russia  and  the  Great  War. 

Ha.  Hayes,  C.  J.  H.  A  Brief  History  of  the  Great  War.  New  York,  Macmillan 
Co.,  1920.  pp.  461. 

Mas.  Masaryk.  The  Spirit  of  Russia. 

R.  Ross,  Edward  A.  Russia  in  Upheaval.  The  Century  Co.,  1918. 

W.  Wilcox.  Russia's  Ruin. 


III.  THE  RUSSIAN  REVOLUTION 

A.  First  Period 

March,  1917-November,  1917 

The  Revolution 

(S  227-237;  Ha  227-231) 

Rapidity  with  which  it  spread 
Orderliness 

Provisional  Government 
(Ha  231-246) 

The  personnel  of  first  government 
Organized  by  the  Duma  of  the  Czar 
Statement  of  policies  (D  1,  2,  3,  6;  S  256-271) 

Attitude  toward  peace  (D  23  and  pages  57,  58) 

Resignation  of  Miliukov  (W  Chap  XI) 

The  new  government,  personnel  and  policies 
(D  12,  S  346-355) 

The  first  All-Russian  Congress  of  Peasants’  Delegates  (S  305-326) 
Russian  Mission  to  the  United  States  (D  18;  S  391-404) 

The  Russian  offensive 

German  counter-offensive 

Crisis  in  the  army 

Crisis  in  the  government 

The  Ukraine  Movement  (S  424-426) 

The  Kerensky  Government 

Its  difficulties  (D  20,  23,  24) 

Its  policy  (S  432-433) 

The  trial  of  Sukhomlinov  (W  Chap.  V) 

The  National  Conference  (S  434  -474) 

The  Kornilov  affair 

The  Democratic  Conference  (S  486-488) 

Preliminary  Parliament  (S  489-493) 

November  Revolution 

The  Soviet 

Soviets  of  workmen  and  soldiers,  1905  (W  152) 

Their  organization  in  1917  (D  5;  W  154) 

Their  attitude  toward  the  Provisional  Government  (D  5) 
Miliukov’s  note  to  Allied  Governments  (D  7) 

Attitude  of  soviet  toward  this  note  (W  Chap  XI) 

[  12] 


Miliukov’s  supplementary  note  (D  8) 

Disorders  in  Petrograd  (D  9;  S  272-274) 

Vote  of  confidence  passed  by  narrow  margin  by  soviet 
Demand  for  peace  (D  11,  25;  S  272-282) 

Call  for  an  international  congress  in  Stockholm  (D  13) 

Attitude  toward  separate  peace 

The  American  delegates  to  the  Stockholm  congress 

The  attitude  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States  (D  10) 

The  Kornilov  revolt  and  its  result  on  the  soviets 
The  November  Revolution 

The  Allies 

Recognition  of  the  Provisional  Government  (D  4) 

Anticipations  of  Allies 

Elimination  of  German  elements  (W  30) 

A  strong  Russia  to  carry  on  the  war 
Allied  delegations  to  Russia  (S  356-376) 

The  Root  Mission  (D  14,  16,  17,  19,  21) 

Wilson’s  note  to  Russian  people  (D  14) 

Attitude  of  American  labor  (D  10) 

American  Red  Cross  Mission  to  Russia 
Wilson’s  greetings  to  the  National  Conference 
Attitude  of  Allies  toward  Kornilov 

Bibliography: 

Bu.  Bullard,  Arthur.  The  Russian  Pendulum.  New  York,  Macmillan  Co.  pp. 
256. 

D.  Cummings,  C.  K.,  and  Pettit,  W.  W.  Russian- American  Relations;  Documents 
and  Papers.  New  York,  Harcourt,  Brace  and  Howe,  1920.  pp.  375.  (Refer¬ 
ences  and  documents.) 

Ha.  Hayes.  A  Brief  History  of  the  Great  War. 

Ker.  Kerensky,  A.  F.  The  Prelude  to  Bolshevism.  New  York,  Dodd,  Mead  and 
Co.,  1919.  pp.  312. 

S.  Sack.  The  Birth  of  the  Russian  Democracy. 

W.  Wilcox.  Russia's  Ruin. 


B.  Second  Period 


November,  1917-March,  1918 

The  Soviet  Government 


The  form  of  government 

The  soviet  or  council  (W  154) 

Its  part  in  the  Revolution  of  1906  (W  152) 

The  constitution 
Kinds  of  soviets 
The  suffrage 

Advantages  and  disadvantages  which  the  soviet  may  have  over  representative 
democracy 


l  i3l 


Dominance  of  Bolshevist  party 

Origin  of  the  Bolshevist  and  Menshevist  division  in  the  Social- Democratic 
party  (H  239-240) 

Difference  in  method  of  procedure 

The  possibility  of  their  being  German  agents  (W  247-249;  R  Chap.  XVI) 

Attitude  toward  Constituent  Assembly 

The  Constituent  Assembly  and  the  Provisional  Government  (D  1,3, 12,23,24) 
Convened  January,  1918  (S  518-524) 

Passes  resolution  favoring  immediate  peace  (D  53) 

Dispersed  by  Soviet  Government 
Repudiation  of  debts,  February  8,  1918  (D  55,  56) 

The  Treaty  of  Brest-Litovsk  (Mag.) 

Soviet  demand  for  truce  after  November  revolution  (D  25) 

Negotiations  for  armistice  (Mag.  19-28;  D  34,  40) 

Peace  negotiations  (Mag.  29,  30,  50-104) 

Ukrainian  Rada 

Its  organization  in  1917 
Its  composition 

The  Ukrainian  Soviets  vs.  the  Rada  (Mag.  105) 

The  separate  peace  with  Germany 
Breaking  off  of  negotiations 
German  advance  (Mag.  148-164) 

The  debates  in  Central  Executive  Committee  (Mag.  148-164) 

Decision  to  sign  peace 
Terms  of  treaty  (Mag.  165-178) 

Relations  with  the  Allies 
Attitude  of  Allies  toward  Brest-Litovsk 

Proposal  for  an  immediate  truce  transmitted  to  Allies  and  neutrals  (D  26,  27) 
Their  attitude  (D  28,  29,  30,  32,  33,  35,  37) 

Allies  invited  to  participate  in  peace  negotiations  (D  46;  Mag.  40-49) 
Possibility  of  Russia  being  kept  in  the  war  (D  59,  60) 

Relations  of  rumors  of  Japanese  intervention  to  signing  of  treaty  (D  61, 62,  63) 
The  relations  of  Robins  and  Lockhart  to  the  Soviet  government 

Bibliography: 

The  Russian  Constitution.  No.  136.  American  Association  for  International 
Conciliation. 

The  German-Bolshevik  Conspiracy.  Committee  on  Public  Information. 

An.  Antonelli,  Etienne.  Bolshevik  Russia.  New  York,  Alfred  A.  Knopf,  1920. 
pp.  307. 

D.  Cummings  and  Pettit.  Russian- American  Relations. 

Mag.  Magnes,  J.  H.  Russia  and  Germany  at  Brest-Litovsk. 

R.  Ross.  Russia  in  Upheaval. 

W.  Wilcox.  Russia's  Ruin. 

[  14J 


C.  Third  Period  ' 

March-August,  1918 

Russia  and  Germany 
(Ha  334-342) 

Germany  and  the  Ukraine 

Dissolution  of  the  Rada  by  the  Germans 
Establishment  of  Skoropadsky’s  Government,  May  18 
Petlura  and  the  Ukrainian  National  Union 
Assassination  of  Von  Eichorn 
Germany  and  Finland 

Finnish  Social  Workmen’s  Republic  (D  72  [71]) 

German  intervention  (D  72  [57]) 

The  Svinhuvud  government  (D  72  [68]) 

Germany  and  Lithuania 

The  establishment  of  a  national  council  of  state 
Germany  and  the  Baltic  Provinces 

The  organization  of  a  government  by  the  Baltic  barons 
The  Baltic  Provinces  ask  German  “protection” 

The  assassination  of  Mirbach 
German  advance  into  Russia  (D  72-81) 

Rumors  of  German  control  of  the  soviet  government  (D  72  [20]  [22]  [23]  [31] 
[42]  [59]  [6i]  [46]) 

Supplementary  treaties  to  the  Treaty  of  Brest-Litovsk 
Russian  Internal  Affairs 

The  Social- Revolutionists.  Their  convention  in  May  disbanded  by  the  Bol¬ 
shevists 

The  revolution  of  the  Left  Social- Revolutionists  in  July 
The  Samara  government 

The  Ufa  Conference  of  the  Constituent  Assembly 
The  Directory  of  Five  of  the  Constituent  Assembly 
Truce  with  the  Ukraine 

The  part  German-Austrian  prisoners  played  in  the  Bolshevist  government  (D  72 
[4]  [10]  [13]  73-74) 

The  formation  of  governments  in  the  outlying  parts  of  Russia 
The  government  of  Tashkent 
General  Sulkevitch  in  the  Crimea 
General  Krasnov  in  the  Don  region 
Dutov  in  Orenburg 
General  Alexiev  in  Cis-Causasia 
Georgia,  Armenia,  Azerbaijan 
The  government  of  Tomsk 
The  Far  Eastern  committee  under  Horvath 
The  Autonomous  Government  in  Siberia  (D  107) 

The  Republic  of  White  Russia 

[  IS  1 


Russia  and  the  Allies 

(D  72  [48],  68-69) 

The  landing  at  Murmansk  (D  97,  98,  99,  100,  103) 

Robins  and  Lockhart  at  Moscow  (D  71,  72,  88) 

Attempts  at  cooperation  on  the  part  of  the  Soviet  Government  (D  59-60,  72 
[16]  [26]  [27]  [75],  77,  78,  88,  91,  92) 

Allied  officers  in  the  soviet  army  (D  72  [10]  [14]  [91]) 

American  engineers  brought  to  Russia  (D  72  [21]  [31]  [39]  [91]) 

Alleged  conspiracy  on  the  part  of  Allied  representatives  (D  72  [81]  [84],  85) 

Czecho-Slovaks  (Ha.  337-8) 

Their  part  in  the  Czar’s  army 
Departure  for  western  front 
Seizure  of  the  Siberian  railway 
Allied  explanation  (D  104) 

Soviet  explanation  (D  96,  135) 

American  policy  toward  Russia  (D  70-72  [46]  [8]  [88],  93,  94,  95) 

Japanese  menace  (D  60,  61,  62,  68,  72,  82,  83) 

Departure  of  Allied  ambassadors  from  Vologda  (D  101-102) 

Bibliography: 

D.  Cumming-Pettit:  Russian- American  Relations. 

Ha.  Hayes:  A  Brief  History  of  the  Great  War. 

$ 

D.  Fourth  Period 

August,  1918-January,  1919 

Russian  Internal  Affairs 

The  Provisional  Government  of  Archangel  (D  108) 

Assassination  of  Uritsky;  attempted  assassination  of  Lenine  (D  x  1 4) 

The  so-called  Reign  of  Terror  (D  114) 

The  All  Russian  Provisional  Government  at  Omsk  (D  119) 

The  Kolchak  coup  d’etat  (D  119,  footnote,  p.  257) 

The  Czecho-Slovak  successes  on  the  Volga 

Denikin  in  the  South-East 

The  withdrawal  of  the  Germans  in  the  Ukraine 

Russia  and  the  Allies 

Official  announcement  of  intervention  (D  105,  106,  109) 

Return  of  the  ambassadors  to  Archangel  (D  no) 

Attitude  of  Soviet  Government  (D  in,  112,  113,  122) 

The  alleged  Allied  conspiracy  against  the  Soviet  Government  (D  115,  116,  135) 
The  attack  on  the  British  Embassy  in  Petrograd  (D  118) 

Withdrawal  of  all  Allied  consular  agents  from  Soviet  territory 
American  protest  regarding  so-called  Red  Terror  (D  118) 

[  16] 


Requests  of  Soviet  Government  for  peace  terms  (D  120,  123) 

The  plan  to  unite  the  Allied  forces  in  Archangel  with  the  Czecho-Slovak  forces 
in  Siberia — The  “Eastern  Front” 

Bibliography: 

D.  Cumming  and  Pettit.  Russian- American  Relations. 

E.  Fifth  Period 

January,  1919-September,  1920 

Russia  and  the  Allies 

Russia  and  the  Peace  Conference 

Lloyd  George  proposes  meeting  of  Russian  factions  in  Paris  (D  127) 
Discussion  by  the  Council  of  Ten  of  possible  policies  dealing  with  Russia 
(D  129) 

Prinkipo  proposal  (D  130,  13 1) 

Replies  of  Russian  factions  and  reasons  for  failure  (D  133) 

Bullitt  Mission  (D  136;  Bui.) 

Nansen  plan  and  reasons  for  failure  (D  139,  140,  141) 

Decision  to  support  Kolchak  (D  143,  144,  145) 

Trade  Relations  with  Russia 

The  plan  to  blockade  Russia  and  the  Cordon  Sanitaire  (D  124,  150) 
United  States  and  this  policy  (D  151) 

Partial  lifting  of  the  blockade  (D  155,  156,  157,  158) 

United  States  issues  a  statement  regarding  trade  with  Russia,  July  7,  1920 
English  negotiations  with  Litvinov  at  Copenhagen 
Negotiations  with  Krassin  at  London 
Decision  of  English  Labor  Conference,  August  10,  1920 
Military  relations  with  Russia 

Soviet  government  notes  regarding  peace  (D  125,  128,  135,  136,  138,  152) 

Withdrawal  of  French  troops  from  South  Russia 

Withdrawal  of  Allied  troops  from  Archangel 

Withdrawal  of  American  troops  from  Siberia  (D  146,  154) 

The  Japanese  and  Siberia 
Defeat  of  Kolchak,  Denikin  and  Yudenitch 
General  Wrangel  in  South  Russia 
The  Polish-Russian  War 
Negotiations  between  Russia  and  Poland 
Baronovichi,  July  31 
Minsk,  August  n 
Riga,  September  21 

United  States  Note  to  Italy  re  Russia,  August  10 
Recognition  of  General  Wrangel  by  France,  August  11 
English-Italian  communique,  August  27 

Russian  Internal  Affairs 

Third  International 

Peace  with  Esthonia,  Latvia,  Lithuania,  Georgia 

l  17] 


Far  Eastern  Republic  of  Siberia 

Social  and  political  conditions  in  Russia,  1919-1920  (Bub;  British  Labor 
Delegation  Report) 

Political  organization  and  elections 
Personal  liberty  and  freedom  of  the  press 
Nationalization  of  industry 
Labor 

Cooperative  movement 
Land  and  the  peasants 
Education 
Transportation 
Women  and  the  family 

Living  conditions:  food,  clothing,  housing,  health 
Care  of  the  socially  dependent 

Bibliography: 

Bub  The  Bullitt  Mission  to  Russia.  New  York,  B.  W.  Huebsch,  1919.  pp.  151. 
D.  Cumming  and  Pettit.  Russian- American  Relations. 

G.  Goode,  Wm.  T.  Bolshevism  at  Work.  New  York,  Harcourt,  Brace  and  Howe, 
1920.  pp.  143. 

Mai.  Malone,  Cob  C.  The  Russian  Republic.  New  York,  Harcourt,  Brace  and 
Howe,  1920.  pp.  153. 

S.D.  State  Department  note  of  August  10,  1920. 

British  Labor  Delegation  Report.  New  York  Nation ,  September  25,  1920. 


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